1,300-Year-Old Communion Bread Unearthed in Karaman, Turkey
Written by Oguz Büyükyıldırım, October 9, 2025
Archaeologists have unearthed 1,300-year-old Communion bread — decorated barley loaves used in early Christian rituals — in the ancient city of Topraktepe (Eirenepolis), located in Türkiye’s Karaman province. The excavations, conducted under the supervision of the Karaman Museum Directorate and the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism, uncovered five charred loaves dating to the 7th–8th centuries AD.
One of the loaves bears a Greek inscription reading “With Gratitude to Blessed Jesus”, accompanied by a depiction of Christ in an uncommon form known as the “Sower” or “Farmer Christ” — a departure from the traditional Pantocrator imagery. Experts note that this iconography reflects the early Byzantine emphasis on labor, fertility, and divine provision, suggesting a symbolic union between faith and agricultural life.
Photo: Karaman Governor’s Office
Other examples feature Maltese cross decorations, and researchers believe the loaves may have served as Communion bread (Eucharist bread) used in early Christian rituals. The loaves’ survival through carbonization indicates exceptional preservation conditions, allowing rare insight into the material culture of early Anatolian Christianity.
Photo: Karaman Governor’s Office
According to a statement from the Karaman Governorship, “These findings are among the best-preserved examples of early Christian bread ever identified in Anatolia.”
Topraktepe — known in antiquity as Eirenepolis, meaning “City of Peace” — was a bishopric center during the Roman and Byzantine periods. Situated near today’s Ermenek district, the settlement occupied a strategic point on the Anemurium–Isaura trade route and is characterized by rock-cut structures, necropolises, and city walls.
Photo: Karaman Governor’s Office
Experts highlight that the “Farmer Christ” motif’s emergence in such an agriculturally active region reinforces the symbolic blend of faith, labor, and sustenance. As one researcher noted, “This is not merely a religious image—it’s a visual theology of work.”
Original Article: anatolianarchaeology.net
